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Commentaries, Word Studies, Devotionals, Sermons, Illustrations
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| 4:14
Alexander the
coppersmith
did
(3SAMI);
me
much
harm; the
Lord will
repay
(3SFAI)
him
according to his
deeds. |
Greek:
Alexandros
o
chalkeus
polla
moi
kaka
enedeixato
(3SAMI);
apodosei (3SFAI)
auto
o
kurios
kata
ta
erga
autou;
BBE: Alexander
the copper-worker did me much wrong: the Lord will give him the reward
of his works:
GWT:
Alexander the metalworker did me a great deal of harm. The Lord will
pay him back for what he did.
KJV:
Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil: the Lord reward him
according to his works:
Phillips: Alexander
the coppersmith did me a great deal of harm - the Lord will reward him
for what he did
Wuest:
Alexander, the metal worker, showed me many instances of
ill-treatment. The Lord shall pay him off in accordance with his evil
works.
Young's Literal:
Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil; may the Lord repay to him
according to his works, |
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ALEXANDER THE COPPERSMITH
DID ME MUCH HARM: Alexandros ho chalkeus polla moi
kaka enedeixato (3SAMI): (Acts
19:33,34;
1 Timothy 1:20)
Did (1731)
(endeiknumi from en = in, to + deíknumi = make
known the character or significance of something
by visual, auditory, or linguistic means) is more literally demonstrated
or show forth (what was in his heart came out in his actions toward
Paul).
Conybeare and
Howson translate it “Alexander the coppersmith charged me with much
evil.”
THE LORD WILL REPAY HIM
ACCORDING TO HIS DEEDS: apodosei (3SFAI) auto o kurios ta erga autou: (1 Samuel
24:12;
2 Samuel 3:39;
Psalms 28:4;
109:5-20;
Jeremiah 15:15;
18:19-23;
2 Thessalonians 1:6;
1 John 5:16;
Revelation 6:10;
18:6,20)
Repay (591)
(apodídomi from apó = from + dídomi = give) means
to pay or give back, implying a debt. It carries the idea of obligation
and responsibility for something that is not optional.
Young's Literal translates it "may the Lord repay to him
according to his works" (as does the KJV/NKJV) which is in the form
of a prayer or wish. |
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4:15 Be on
guard
(2SPMM)
against him
yourself, for he
vigorously
opposed
(3SAAI)
our
teaching. |
Greek:
on
kai
su
phulassou, (2SPMM)
lian
gar
anteste (3SAAI)
tois
hemeterois
logois.
BBE: But be on the watch for him, for he was violent in his
attacks on our teaching.
GWT:
Watch out for him. He violently opposed what we said.
KJV: Of whom be thou ware also; for he hath greatly withstood our words.
Phillips: and I should
be very careful of him if I were you. He has been an obstinate
opponent of our teaching
Wuest:
And you also, with reference to him, be constantly guarding
yourself, for he in an extraordinary manner set himself in opposition
to our words.
Young's Literal:
of whom also do thou beware, for greatly hath he stood against our
words |
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BE ON GUARD
AGAINST HIM YOURSELF: on (whom) kai su phulassou (2SPMM): (Matthew
10:16,17;
Philippians 3:2)
"Watch
out for him" (GWT)
"be
constantly guarding yourself"
(Wuest)
"Be on guard"
(5442)
(phulasso)
means to watch, to carry out the function as a military sentinel (Luke
2:8), keep watch, have
one's eye upon lest one escape, guard a person that he might remain safe
(from violence, from another person or thing, from being snatched away,
from being lost). Peter for example records that God
"did not spare the ancient world, but
preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, with seven others,
when He brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly." (see exposition
2 Peter 2:4-5)
Phulasso can also mean to keep
away from or make an effort to abstain from as in (Lu12:15).
Phulasso is in the
present imperative
calling for continuous guarding and
in the
middle voice
which
gives it a reflexive meaning ("yourself"). You initiate the action of
guarding and participate in the process (yourself).
FOR HE VIGOROUSLY OPPOSED OUR
TEACHING: lian gar anteste (3SAAI) tois hemeterois logois:
"he
was violent in his attacks"
(BBE), "he
in an extraordinary manner set himself in opposition to our words"
(Wuest) |
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| 4:16 At my
first
defense
no
one
supported
(3SAMI)
me, but
all
deserted
(3PAAI); me; may it not be
counted
; (3SAPO) against them. |
Greek:
En
te
prote
mou
apologia|
oudeis
moi
paregeneto, (3SAMI)
alla
pantes
me egkatelipon
(3PAAI);
me
autois
logistheie; (3SAPO)
BBE: At my first meeting with my judges, no one took my part, but
all went away from me. May it not be put to their account.
GWT:
At my first hearing no one stood up in my defense. Everyone
abandoned me. I pray that it won't be held against them.
KJV: At my first answer no man stood with me, but all men forsook me: I
pray God that it may not be laid to their charge.
Phillips: The first time I had to
defend myself no one was on my side - they all deserted me. God
forgive them!
Wuest:
During my self-defense at the preliminary trial, not even one person
appeared in court, taking his stand at my side as a friend of mine,
but all let me down. May it not be put to their account.
Young's Literal: in my first defence no one stood with me, but all forsook me, (may
it not be reckoned to them!) |
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AT MY FIRST DEFENSE NO ONE
SUPPORTED ME: En te prote mou apologia oudeis moi paregeneto (3SAMI):
(Acts
22:1;
25:16;
1 Corinthians 9:3;
2 Corinthians 7:11;
Philippians 1:7,17;
1 Peter 3:15;)
(10;
1:15;
Psalms 31:11-13;
Mark 14:50;
John 16:32)
"During my
self-defense at the preliminary trial, not even one person appeared in
court, taking his stand at my side as a friend of mine"
(Wuest)
"No one came by my
side"
BUT ALL DESERTED ME: alla
pantes me egkatelipon (3PAAI):
"Everyone
abandoned me" (GWT)
They forsook Paul
in his state of "seeming defeat" & "helplessness" in midst of hostile
circumstances. (cp Jn16:33). But see (4:21) where at least 4 persons
were named who had not deserted Paul. Nothing more is known of them but
their loyalty is recorded for all eternity. One cannot fully assess the
long term potential ramifications of a simple act of kindness.
A Roman trial began with a preliminary examination to formulate the
precise charge against the prisoner. When Paul was brought to that
preliminary examination, not one of his friends stood by him. It was too
dangerous to proclaim oneself the friend of a man on trial for his life.
MAY IT NOT BE COUNTED AGAINST
THEM: me autois logistheie (3SAPO):
(Ac7:60, cp Lu23:34)
"May it not
be put to their account"
(Wuest)
Praying for those who deserted him, not cursing them. His attitude was
different toward Alexander (4:14)
If to do the right means to be alone, as Joan of Arc said, "It is better
to be alone with God."
Ray Stedman
writes that this is
rather a sad note.
When the apostle was brought up for his hearing -- we would call it the
arraignment of the charges against him -- no one stood up for him; all
forsook him. This was a very dangerous time in Rome. The Emperor Nero
was noted for his vindictiveness. If anybody even appeared to be against
him, Nero's assassins were all throughout the city, ready to take the
man's life. Evidently no Christian was ready to risk his life by
standing up for Paul, so he had to face this preliminary hearing all
alone. But notice again Paul's lack of vindictiveness. "May it not be
charged against them," he says; and he prays for those who forsook him
in the hour of danger. (2
Timothy 4)
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4:17 But the
Lord
stood
(3SAAI)
with me and
strengthened
(3SAAI)
me,
so that
through me the
proclamation might be
fully
accomplished
(3SAPS)
, and that
all the
Gentiles might
hear
(3SAAS)
; and I was
rescued
(1SAPI)
out of the
lion's
mouth. |
Greek:
o
de
kurios
moi
pareste (3SAAI)
kai
enedunamosen (3SAAI)
me,
hina
di'
emou
to
kerugma
plerophorethe (3SAPS)
kai
akousosin (3SAAS)
panta
ta
ethne,
kai
errusthen (1SAPI)
ek
stomatos
leontos.
BBE: But the Lord was by my side and gave me strength; so that
through me the news might be given out in full measure, and all the
Gentiles might give ear: and I was taken out of the mouth of the lion.
GWT:
However, the Lord stood by me and gave me strength so that I could
finish spreading the Good News for all the nations to hear. I was
snatched out of a lion's mouth.
KJV: Notwithstanding the Lord stood with me, and strengthened me; that
by me the preaching might be fully known, and that all the Gentiles
might hear: and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion.
Phillips: Yet the Lord himself stood
by me and gave me the strength to proclaim the message clearly and
fully, so that the Gentiles could hear it, and I was rescued "from the
lion's mouth".
Wuest:
But the Lord took His stand at my side to render all the assistance I
needed, and clothed me with strength, in order that through me the
public proclamation might be heralded abroad in full measure, and that
all the Gentiles might hear.
Young's Literal: and the Lord stood by me, and did strengthen me, that through me
the preaching might be fully assured, and all the nations might hear,
and I was freed out of the mouth of a lion, |
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BUT THE LORD STOOD WITH ME
AND STRENGTHENED ME IN
ORDER THAT THROUGH ME: o de kurios moi pareste (3SAAI
kai enedunamosen (3SAAI) me hina di emou: (Psalms
37:39,40;
109:31;
Jeremiah 15:20,21;
20:10,11;
Matthew 10:19;
Acts 18:9,10;
Acts 23:11;
27:23,24)
(Isaiah
41:10,14;
2 Corinthians 12:9)
Stood (3936)
(paristemi from pará = near + hístemi = place,
stand) is literally place beside with the idea of yielding to the
disposal of another. Paul had earlier used this same word to exhort
Timothy to...
Be diligent to present
yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed,
handling accurately the word of truth. (see note on
2 Timothy 2:15)
Paul testifies to
the truth of the great verse in Hebrews in which...
He Himself has said, "I WILL NEVER DESERT YOU, NOR WILL I EVER FORSAKE
YOU" (In the Greek, the promise is very emphatic, "I will never,
never, never leave thee") so that we confidently say, "THE
LORD IS MY HELPER, I WILL NOT BE AFRAID. WHAT SHALL MAN DO TO ME?" (Hebrews
13:5-6)
The presence of
Jesus with him and beside him, Paul says, accomplished two things (1) it
"gave him strength to testify" and (2) "He delivered me from the lion's
mouth."
Strengthened (1743)
(endunamoo from en = in + dunamóo = strengthen)
Dunamóo is derived from dúnamis which means to be able or to
have power (Click
for in depth word study of
dunamis). Dúnamis refers to
inherent strength residing in a thing by virtue of its nature. The best
spiritual example is the "gospel" which is the inherent, omnipotent
power of God operating in the salvation of a lost soul that accepts it.
Endunamoo in simple terms means "to put power in" (like a
car needs gas for power) and so to make strong, vigorous, to strengthen,
or to be strengthened, enabled or empowered inwardly. This word is found
only in biblical and ecclesiastical Greek. The idea is to cause one to
be able to function or do something. It can refer to physical
strengthening as in (Heb11:34)
but more often endunamoo refers to spiritual or moral
strengthening as in the case of
What an awesome thought! God Almighty,
omnipotent, omniscient, the great I Am Who needs nothing, chooses to use
frail clay cracked pots to shine forth His glorious gospel truth that
men might hear & receive & be regenerated. Who could get the credit for
so great a salvation? To God alone be all glory & majesty & dominion &
authority, now & forever. Thank You Father for using us. May we walk
like Paul, in a manner worthy of You O Lord God. Amen.
THE PROCLAMATION MIGHT BE
FULLY ACCOMPLISHED AND ALL THE GENTILES MIGHT HEAR: to kerugma plerophorethe (3SAPS) kai akousosin (3SAAS) panta ta ethne: (Luke
21:15;
Acts 9:15;
26:17,18;
Romans 16:25,26;
Ephesians 3:8;
Philippians 1:12-14)
"the public
proclamation might be heralded abroad in full measure"
(Wuest)
Proclamation
(2782)
(kerugma from kerusso = preach, discharge a herald’s
office, cry out, proclaim) refers to a proclamation in context of the
gospel.
Paul obeyed his own commandment; in season and out of season (4:2) he pressed
the claims of Christ on men. He was so busy thinking of the task of
preaching that he forgot the danger. A man who is immersed in his task
has conquered fear.
The very occasion
gave Paul an opportunity to fulfill his commission of proclaiming the
message of Christ, and that in the very heart of the empire before the
highest earthly tribunal. It afforded an opportunity for the vast crowd
of Gentiles who were attracted to the trial to hear Paul's presentation
of his message. He clearly set forth the content of his message, thus
showing that it was no dangerous or subversive movement which he
represented.
AND I WAS DELIVERED FROM THE LION'S MOUTH: kai
erusthen (1SAPI) ek stomatos leontos: (Psalms
22:21;
Proverbs 20:2;
28:15;
Jeremiah 2:30;
Daniel 6:22,27;
Hebrews 11:33;
1 Peter 5:8;
2 Peter 2:9)
"I was snatched
out of a lion's mouth" (GWT)
"I was
drawn to His side out of the lion’s mouth"
(Wuest)
Deliver
(4506) (rhuomai
from rhúo = to draw, drag along the ground)
means to draw or snatch to oneself
and invariably refers to a snatching from danger, evil or an enemy. This
basic idea of rescuing from danger is pictured by the use describing a
soldier’s going to a wounded comrade on the battlefield and carrying him
to safety (he runs to the cry of his comrade to rescue him from the
hands of the enemy).
By "lion's
mouth" one cannot be certain whether this is a reference to Nero or Satan or to
a literal lion in
the Roman Coliseum where
Paul could not be sent because a Roman citizen. In either event,
we do know that Nero was in power at the time and that even though Nero
might put him to death on earth, that would not in any way remove him
from the kingdom of heaven and the opportunity to be with the Lord but
in fact, it would only open the door for him.
Paul was quite certain of the ultimate rescue (Php1:21). In time he might seem to be the victim of circumstances and a
criminal condemned at the bar of Roman justice; but Paul saw beyond time
(Heb11:27) and knew that his eternal safety was assured. It is always
better to be in danger for a moment and safe for eternity, than to be
safe for a moment and jeopardize eternity (Mt10:28). |
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| 4:18 The
Lord will
rescue
(3SFMI)
me from
every
evil
deed, and will
bring me
safely
(3SFAI)
to His
heavenly
kingdom; to Him be the
glory
forever and
ever.
Amen. |
Greek:
rhusetai (3SFMI)
me
o
kurios
apo
pantos
ergou
ponerou
kai
sosei (3SFAI)
eis
ten
basileian
autou
ten
epouranion,
o
e doxa
eis
tous
aionas
ton
aionon;
amen.
BBE: The Lord will keep me safe from every evil work and will give
me salvation in his kingdom in heaven: to whom be glory for ever and
ever. So be it.
GWT:
The Lord will rescue me from all harm and will take me safely to
his heavenly kingdom. Glory belongs to him forever! Amen.
KJV: And the Lord shall deliver me from every evil work, and will
preserve me unto his heavenly kingdom: to whom be glory for ever and
ever. Amen.
Phillips: I am sure the Lord will
rescue me from every evil plot, and will keep me safe until I reach
his heavenly kingdom. Glory be to him for ever and ever!
Wuest: The Lord will draw me to himself away
from every pernicious work actively opposed to that which is good, and
will keep me safe and sound for His kingdom, the heavenly one, to whom
be the glory forever and forever. Amen.
Young's Literal: and the Lord shall free me from every evil work, and shall save me
-- to his heavenly kingdom; to whom is the glory to the ages of the
ages! Amen. |
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THE LORD WILL DELIVER ME FROM EVERY EVIL DEED: rhusetai (3SFMI) me o kurios apo pantos
ergou ponerou:
(Genesis
48:16;
1 Samuel 25:39;
1 Chronicles 4:10;
Psalms 121:7;
Matthew 6:13;
Luke 11:4;
John 17:15;
1 Corinthians 10:13;
2 Corinthians 1:10;
2 Thessalonians 3:3)
"The Lord will
draw me to himself away from every pernicious work actively opposed to
that which is good"
(Wuest)
Deliver
(4506)(rhuomai
from rhúo = to draw, drag along the ground)
means to draw or snatch to oneself
and invariably refers to a snatching from danger, evil or an enemy. This
basic idea of rescuing from danger is pictured by the use describing a
soldier’s going to a wounded comrade on the battlefield and carrying him
to safety (he runs to the cry of his comrade to rescue him from the
hands of the enemy).
Rhuomai emphasizes greatness
of peril from which deliverance is given by a mighty act of power
Rhuomai means to rescue,
deliver, as when we first became believers and the Lord...
"delivered (rhuomai) us from
the domain (exousia
= the right and the might = executive power, jurisdiction) of
darkness (skotos = spiritual darkness ruled by Satan), and
transferred (removed us from. one place to another, causing a change
in someone's official position) us to the kingdom (denoting
sovereignty, royal power, dominion) of His beloved Son" (Click
notes on
Col1:13) Since rhuomai means to
draw to oneself, here we see the great picture that God drew us out
of Satan’s kingdom to Himself. That event was the
new birth. We are not gradually, progressively delivered from Satan’s
power. When we placed our faith in Christ, we were instantly delivered.
A great example is wading in a
rushing river and suddenly being caught in the current utterly helpless.
As you cry out someone hears you and holds out their hand as you go
rushing by. As you lie their beside the river safe in the presence of
the one who pulled you out, you still are in the presence of the
dangerous rushing current...you can hear it...you can see it...but
you've been DELIVERED FROM DANGER and you are now safe. How foolish to
walk right back into that current and let it sweep you away!
Jesus when ask by his disciples how they should pray gave as part
of his answer that they should ask...
'And
do not lead us into temptation, but deliver (rhuomai
- in the form of a command) us
from evil." (Mt
6:13)
Christ Himself
will snatch Paul from danger no matter
what bc (cp Php1:21, 2Co5:9, Da3:17,18)
AND WILL BRING ME SAFELY TO
HIS HEAVENLY KINGDOM: kai sosei (3SFAI) eis ten
basileian autou ten epouranion:
(1:12;
Psalms 37:28;
73:24;
92:10;
Matthew 13:43;
25:34;
Luke 12:32;
22:29;
John 10:28-30;
1 Thessalonians 5:23;
James 2:5;
1 Peter 1:5;
Jude 1:1,24)
"will
keep me safe and sound"
(Wuest)
Heavenly kingdom,
here the future, glorified life, as [1Co6:9, 10; 15:50; Lu13:29]. In the
same sense, kingdom of Christ and of God, [Ep5:5]; kingdom of their
Father, [Mt13:43]; my Father’s kingdom, [Mt26:29]; kingdom prepared for
you, [Mt25:34]; eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ,
[2Pe1:11].
C H Spurgeon writes the
following devotional on "His heavenly kingdom"...
Yonder city of the great King is a
place of active service. Ransomed spirits serve him day and night in his
temple. They never cease to fulfill the good pleasure of their King.
They always “rest,” so far as ease and freedom from care is concerned;
and never “rest,” in the sense of indolence or inactivity. Jerusalem the
golden is the place of communion with all the people of God. We shall
sit with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in eternal fellowship. We shall hold
high converse with the noble host of the elect, all reigning with him
who by his love and his potent arm has brought them safely home. We
shall not sing solos, but in chorus shall we praise our King. Heaven is
a place of victory realized. Whenever, Christian, thou hast achieved a
victory over thy lusts—whenever after hard struggling, thou hast laid a
temptation dead at thy feet—thou hast in that hour a foretaste of the
joy that awaits thee when the Lord shall shortly tread Satan under thy
feet, and thou shalt find thyself more than conqueror through him who
hath loved thee. Paradise is a place of security. When you enjoy the
full assurance of faith, you have the pledge of that glorious security
which shall be yours when you are a perfect citizen of the heavenly
Jerusalem. O my sweet home, Jerusalem, thou happy harbour of my soul!
Thanks, even now, to him whose love hath taught me to long for thee; but
louder thanks in eternity, when I shall possess thee.
“My soul has tasted of the grapes,
And now it longs to go
Where my dear Lord his vineyard keeps
And all the clusters grow.
“Upon the true and living vine,
My famish’d soul would feast,
And banquet on the fruit divine,
An everlasting guest.”
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