John Mark
Acts 12:12+
Click chart to enlarge
Chart from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission
Another Chart from Charles Swindoll-right side of page
Click chart to enlarge
Chart from Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission
Explanation - The following list includes not only commentaries but other Christian works by well known evangelical writers. Most of the resources below are newer works (written after 1970) which previously were available only for purchase in book form or in a Bible computer program. The resources are made freely available by archive.org but have several caveats - (1) they do not allow copy and paste, (2) they can only be checked out for one hour (but can be checked out immediately when your hour expires giving you time to read or take notes on a lengthy section) and (3) they require creating an account which allows you to check out the books free of charge. To set up an account click archive.org and then click the picture of the person in right upper corner and enter email and a password. That's all you have to do. Then you can read these more modern resources free of charge! I have read or used many of these resources but not all of them so ultimately you will need to be a Berean (Acts 17:11+) as you use them. I have also selected works that are conservative and Biblically sound. If you find one that you think does not meet those criteria please send an email at https://www.preceptaustin.org/
HINT WHEN BOOKS SAY "UNAVAILABLE" - "Borrow unavailable" means that someone else has it checked out for an hour. And if they are savvy and really like using it, they will immediately check it out after the hour expires and this keeps it from being shown as "Available." I use a few tricks when this happens
(1) If I have the exact quote from the book and want to see the context, I search with a few words from the quote (putting them in quotation marks so that they are the specific words searched). That will allow me to open the page and see the context. Here is an example from Gordon J Wenham's Genesis 1-15 which is almost always listed as "Borrow Unavailable."
(a) So I have this quote from Genesis 3 and want to see the context - "Now, explicit characterization of actors in the story is rare in Hebrew narrative, so it seems likely that in noting the snake’s shrewdness the narrator is hinting that his remarks should be examined very carefully"
(b) I selected "Now, explicit characterization" and searched it (with the quotes) and found 1 hit, clicked it and retrieved the page with the quote in context. See the page with this quote and notice it allows you to read 2 pages.
(2) A second trick I use is to put one word in the title in search.
(a) E.g., I searched "genesis" and retrieved 522 hits. Note the page numbers it retrieved which is most of the pages.
(b) You will have to hunt to find what you want but this can occasionally be helpful.
(c) Sometimes you encounter "Limited Preview. Some pages are omittedl" You can try trick #4 but it may not work. Then you have to wait until you can borrow the book.
(3) Now let's say you want to look up comments on Genesis 15, the story of Abraham.
(a) Search "genesis 15" and you retrieve 8 hits and notice you have access to almost 12 pages of comments. Remember each hit gives you access to 2 pages.
(b) Click this one and you see beginning comments on Genesis 15:1-21.
(4) ONE CAVEAT - Let's say you perform the maneuvers listed above, click on the page and it is blacked out. What you can try to REFRESH that page and many times (not always) it will allow you to read that page. Note this will not always work because it will say "Some pages are omitted."
(5) You need to be "creative" in how you search for specific "unavailable" book. Sometimes I just put a number in the search queue. E.g., I put 7 in the search box and it retrieved 518 hits. Yes, you have to hunt around, but this might allow you to read the comments you are seeking.
(6) One other trick I use since these book do not allow copy and paste is I will do my search and find a quote I want to copy in the actual search column. E.g., search Wenham's popular book on Genesis 1-15 for "genesis 15." Notice the first hit on page 300. You can copy and paste this hit quote shown below.
Page 300 The uncountability of Abram’s descendants is a perennial theme of Genesis: 15:5; 16:10; 28:14; 32:12. Balaam, the prophet hired by the king of Moab to curse Israel, said Israel was already beyond counting in his day (Num 23:10). Solomon said the same thing some centuries later (1 Kgs 3:8), though of course both eras were famed for their censuses. The NT sees believing Gentiles as well as faithful Jews as being counted as Abram’s descendants (Rom 4:16—18; Gal 3:29), so that in heaven there will be “a great multitude which no man can number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and tongues” (Rev 7:9).
(7) The more you play around with this on a "Borrow unavailable" book, the better you will become at finding what you are looking for.
NOTE: If you find any other "tricks" that are useful please send me an email.
Note these are in no particular order of preference.
Be Diligent (Mark) by Wiersbe, Warren - His comments are usually excellent. (Or here - Bible Exposition Commentary - New Testament)
Rosscup - One of America’s most appreciated staunchly evangelical Bible conference teachers gives diligent, refreshing expositions. These are all of his 23 separate, earlier books in the “Be” series on the New Testament. He strikes a particular appeal with lay people as he crystallizes sections, deals with some of the verses, handles certain problems and backgrounds and applies principles. He is premillennial.
Wiersbe's Expository Outlines on the New Testament by Wiersbe, Warren W - Very useful for teaching and preaching.
Cyril Barber - This is a book of exceptional merit. Pastors, missionaries, and Christian workers will profit from its use. Wiersbe introduces each book of the NT, provides an outline, and then furnishes his readers with a chapter-by-chapter discussion of the contents. The homiletic style is a “plus.” Recommended.
With the Word - Devotional Commentary - Warren Wiersbe
Windows on the Parables by Wiersbe, Warren
Mark in the Greek New Testament for the English reader by Wuest, Kenneth - He is always worth checking for practical insights on the Greek words.
James Rosscup - This is a verse-by-verse evangelical, expository work which deals with the Greek text but does so in a way which the English reader can follow though he does not know Greek. It is a good book to give to a layman who is serious about studying Mark, and also helpful to the pastor or teacher.
Invitation to Mark : a commentary on the Gospel of Mark, with complete text from the Jerusalem Bible by Achtemeier, Paul J
Exalting Jesus in Mark - Daniel L. Akin. Conservative. Evangelical.
Exploring the Gospels : Mark - Jerry Vines. Well-known expository Baptist preacher and thus sounds like material that was preached in a series of sermons. Not bad, but not that deep. Generally verse by verse. Might give you some preaching or teaching ideas. Conservative. Evangelical.
Read, Mark, learn by John Blanchard (Simple introduction to Gospel of Mark)
The Gospel according to Mark : an introduction and commentary by Cole, R. A. (R. Alan),
Cyril Barber - Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1990. First published in 1961. A comparison of the expository sections of the two editions shows little change. The introduction, however, focuses on new work done in Markan studies over the last 30 years, and this is where Cole's contribution is truly remarkable. This commentary will continue to be of help to lay Bible students. Recommended.
James Rosscup - A minister in the Church of Southeast Asia wrote this evangelical study, concluding for Markan priority (p. 47) yet not for any direct literary dependence but Matthean, Markan and Lukan “use of the same, or similar tradition blocks” (p. 48). The commentary itself is provided with a 4-pp. outline set down at the outset and is terse but knowledgeable. Cole sees the Olivet Discourse as referring directly to the destruction of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, though he acknowledges that the meaning reaches on to later fulfillment also (p. 203), a double fulfillment of the same words.
Tim Challies - This is the most concise of the commentaries listed here (though it is still 340 pages) and will necessarily be limited by its size. However, smaller, more readable commentaries do have their place and the experts agree that this one is an excellent addition to any library. This or Edwards’ volume would likely be the best choice for the non-pastor.
Tim Matheson (Ligonier) - The Tyndale commentaries are non-technical and introductory-level commentaries, but they are surprisingly consistent in their high level of quality. Cole’s commentary on Mark is a good example.
The Gospel according to Saint Mark : an introduction and commentary by Cranfield, C. E. B
James Rosscup - One of the finer commentaries on Mark by the famous exegetical scholar from The University of Durham in Scotland. Cranfield is quite helpful on the Greek text, word meanings, customs etc., and is clear, insightful, and refreshing to those who believe in the historical veracity of words and events in Jesus’ ministry.
Tim Challies - This is the oldest commentary in the list (and do remember that I am focusing on newer commentaries since most of the older ones are now available for free). This one receives the highest commendation from Derek Thomas. Meanwhile, Westminster Seminary’s Dan McCartney summarizes what most people want us to know about it: “A little dated, but handy and dependable.” Carson points out that it speaks to a commentary’s quality when it remains in print fifty years after initial publication. Indeed.
The Gospel of Mark by Earle, Ralph
James Rosscup (referring to Everyman’s Bible Commentary which is not the same one above) - Here is a brief conservative survey by a professor (then) at the Nazarene Theological Seminary, Kansas City, MO. Earle is usually helpful. At times he is overly general, not nailing things down as on the identity of the second and third soils in Mark 4; at other times he commits himself, as in expecting a yet future, final fulfillment of the “abomination of desolation” in Mark 13.
The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary : Matthew-Luke by Evans, Craig A - This resource will give you very interesting insights and is worth checking on individual passages.
The Gospel according to Mark by Edwards, James R - Only 44 pages. Not his highly regarded commentary on Mark.
Article by Edwards - The Authority of Jesus in the Gospel of Mark - JETS 37, 1994
The Gospel of Mark : an exposition by Erdman, Charles R.
Rosscup - Concise treatments are given to each of the N. T. books. The main value of the set lies in its clear synthesis which helps the student grasp the flow of thought as he moves through a book. Erdman possessed a lucid writing style. He was amillennial.
The Gospel of Mark : a Commentary on the Greek text by France, R. T (New International Greek Testament Commentary)
James Rosscup - A noted scholar has an apt comment beginning his Introduction, that a commentary should be on the biblical book, not about commentaries on Mark (1), issues in Mark and not all the issues scholars can raise. Still, his footnotes cite many where he can draw help. He assumes that Mark wrote this gospel (6–9). He packs in much learning to shine light on verses, but with all due respect his ideas have misguided him to have Christ’s enthronement to have kingly, universal and eternal dominion here and now be the meaning of texts that are about Christ’s coming at the Second Advent (8:38; 13:26; 14:62, cf. pp. 32, 342–43, 534–35, 610–13). France has a good summary of textual evidence for excluding Mark 16:9ff. (685–88).
Tim Challies ranks this his #1 on Mark - Most commentators on commentaries reserve the top spot for France’s volume (Note that he has also written a top-five commentary on Matthew). While the NIGTC is more scholary than most other series, and requires at least some knowledge of Greek, D.A. Carson says it is still “remarkably accessible and includes a healthy mix of history, theology, social context, even warmth.” By way of context, I have rudimentary knowledge of Greek (one year of university-level) and find that I am able to make my way through these commentaries, though with some difficulty at times
Tim Matheson (Ligonier) - In my opinion, R.T. France has not only written the best commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, he has also written the best commentary on the Gospel of Mark. The New International Greek Commentary series is technical and does require a knowledge of the Greek language. For those who need something less technical, I suggest the commentaries by Lane, Strauss, and Edwards listed below.
A Theology of Mark's Gospel : Good News About Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God by Garland, David E
Cyril Barber (this critique relates to the NIV Application Commentary by Garland) - The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1966. Possesses the criteria of a good lay person’s commentary. Pays close attention to interpretative issues, and ably bridges the gap between the era of the NT Gentile church and our own time. Using the historic present tense, Garland causes the events in Christ’s life to take on a vivid, contemporary flair. Footnotes direct the student to both primary and secondary source material.
Mark : A Commentary on His Apology for the cross by Gundry, Robert H.
Cyril Barber - This is one of the most detailed and technical commentaries on Mark’s gospel, and according to the publishers, the fullest and most precise in any language. It stresses the literary features of the text, but also states that Mark’s material stands somewhere toward the middle of the continuum between biography and mythology, between what is historically accurate and what is fictional. In approaching the text of Mark, Gundry turns from form- and redaction-criticism (both of which Gundry considers to be inappropriate when studying Mark) and treats the text as it stands. He pays close attention to a variety of literary devices: word order, chiasm, inclusio, asyndeton, and Mark’s use of the historic present tense. This work is remarkable for its erudition. It will be consulted by scholars for years to come. It is also hoped that preachers will be able to cull information from its 1069 pages.
James Rosscup - Cf. Gundry on Matthew for his view about midrash. Here, again, he offers prolific bibliography (32 pp.) and commentary so prolonged that details at times are user unfriendly for many, and it can be hard to locate individual verses in the pages of “Notes.” Gundry presents Jesus in His success yet in His self-denial and suffering unto the cross, a perspective so different from today’s health-and-wealth idea of discipleship (cf. 2–3). Explanation of details is ponderous, giving the patient much to consider. Frequent statements may be grasped only by an inner circle of scholars (cf. the first note on 39), and some will recoil at misleading claims such as one that Mark’s not mentioning disciples receiving the Spirit shows that Mark is “not interested in” this (38). A writer does not have to include every detail in which he has an interest! Gundry shows the future Second Advent context of certain predictions in Mark 13, but one must read with great alertness and sometimes re-reading to follow him. Overall, teachers, more studious pastors, and advanced students will find much stimulation in the thorough comments, as on issues in 4:26–29.
Mark : a Self-Study guide by Jensen, Irving - Master teacher in the area of inductive Bible study, therefore worth checking.
Studies in the Gospel of Mark by Kent, Homer Austin
Book of Mark : a life-changing story by Lucado, Max
Mark : a new translation with introduction and commentary (The Anchor Bible) Mann, Christopher Stephen.
Cyril Barber - The author boldly champions the priority of Matthew and Luke, but errs in assuming that Mark's gospel is merely a digest of the former two. His Introduction is very thorough, and should stimulate fresh discussion on the theme of this gospel. Valuable philological data is included from a variety of sources, and O'Callahan's thesis is tested in the discussion of 6:53-56 and elsewhere. The comments on the text are very brief, but the notes are full and have bibliographic references interspersed throughout. Of particular value to seminarians.
James Rosscup - Basically a liberal work but often profitable in technical aspects and thoroughness. He surveys scholarly thinking on Mark and reviews approaches of recent years. His bibliographies are valuable, and he frequently has good input on Greek grammar, words, customs in Jesus’ day, etc. In his mind, Mark is the third gospel to be written, and all three synoptics date before A. D. 70.
Mark : the humanity of Christ by MacArthur, John - Only 132 pages - This is not his full commentary on the Gospel of Mark. (His sermons below closely parallel his commentary on Mark).
Mark, evangelist and theologian by Martin, Ralph P
Cyril Barber - A scholarly assessment of the scope of Mark's gospel with a suggestion for a new purpose and Sitz im leben.
The Communicator's Commentary. Mark by McKenna, David L. (Now published as Preacher's Commentary Series) Generally helpful for preaching and teaching.
The Expositor's Bible Commentary - 1994 edition - Abridged - New Testament
The Gospel according to Mark C F D Moule (1965)
The Servant Who Rules Mark 1-8 by Stedman, Ray C Always worth consulting his practical sound commentary.
Cyril Barber - An impressive treatment of Mark 1:1-8:26. Stedman stands in the tradition of Merrill Unger when it comes to hermeneutics and the application of the text to life. In this work Christ is presented as the believer's model, and through the unfolding of each scene in the narrative, Stedman shows how that may be accomplished. Recommended.
The Ruler Who Serves Commentary on Gospel of Mark by Stedman, Ray C. Always worth consulting his practical sound commentary. This work is volume 2 on Mark 8:27-16:20.
Cyril Barber - A beautiful, thematic exposition of Mark 8:27-16:20. Well deserving of a place in every preacher's library. Warmly recommended
General Articles, Matthew, Mark by Turlington - Broadman Bible Commentary
Mark : a Study Guide commentary by Vos, Howard Frederic
Cyril Barber - A well-reasoned, thematic study that proves again that sometimes the most valuable things come in small packages. Of great value to laypeople who desire to obtain a good grasp of this material.
Interpreting the Parables by Blomberg, Craig
Chronological and Background Charts of the NEW TESTAMENT - Pdf - D Wayne House - outstanding compilation of charts - check this one out!. This book can also be borrowed = Chronological and background charts of the New Testament
STUDY BIBLES - ONE VOLUME COMMENTARIES OF ENTIRE BIBLE, BIBLE DICTIONARIES, GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS
KJV Bible Commentary - NO RESTRICTIONS. Hindson, Edward E; Kroll, Woodrow Michael. Over 3000 pages of the entire OT/NT. Well done conservative commentary that interprets Scripture from a literal perspective. Pre-millennial. User reviews - it generally gets 4/5 stars from users. - 372 ratings
Very well done conservative commentary that interprets Scripture from a literal perspective user reviews
The King James Version Bible Commentary is a complete verse-by-verse commentary. It is comprehensive in scope, reliable in scholarship, and easy to use. Its authors are leading evangelical theologians who provide practical truths and biblical principles. Any Bible student will gain new insights through this one-volume commentary based on the timeless King James Version of the Bible.
NKJV Study Bible: New King James Version Study Bible (formerly "The Nelson Study Bible - NKJV") NO RESTRICTIONS. by Earl D Radmacher; Ronald Barclay Allen; Wayne H House. 2345 pages. (1997, 2007). Very helpful notes. Conservative. Pre-millennial. 917 ratings
The Wycliffe Bible Commentary - only the New Testament - Burdick, Donald W. “Mark,” in Wycliffe Bible Commentary, ed. C. F. Pfeiffer and E. F. Harrison. Chicago: Moody, 1962. 1,525 pp. NO RESTRICTIONS. Strictly speaking not a study Bible, but short notes are similar. KJV text in left column, commentary notes in right column. The comments are generally verse by verse, short, conservative and to the point. Pre-millennial. (Borrow OT - Wycliffe Bible Commentary)
Rosscup on Burdick's commentary - A careful New Testament scholar from Conservative Baptist Seminary, Denver, is the author. He has provided a solid, well-organized and knowledgeable study from a conservative, premillennial viewpoint. Though brief it is worth the time.
Nave's Study Bible - NO RESTRICTIONS. Allows copy and paste. Interesting if you are doing a topical study. E.g. in the example below the Gospel would make a very interesting personal study or class room study, especially the different descriptions of the Gospel.
How to use - E.g. on page 1357 see marginal note on Mark 1:1. There are 3 topics listed: a Gospel, Mark 13:10. b Jesus, Messiah, Matt. 1:21,c Jesus, divine sonship of, Matt. 1:21.
Let's look at "Gospel" - What you do is go to that Scripture which is on page 1384. At the bottom of this page you will have Nave's entry for "Gospel" -
* GOSPEL, Matt. 13:17; Mark 1:14, 15; Luke 2:10, 11; 4:18,19, 43, 44; Acts 10:36; 12:24; 19:20; Gal. 3:8; Col. 1:5, 23, 26-28; Rev. 14:6, 7. From God, John 17:7, 8, 14. Called THE NEW COVENANT, Jer. 31:31-84; Heb. 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:815; 10:9; 12:22-24,"
Described as: Gospel of the kingdom, Matt. 4:23; 24:14; gospel of God, Rom. 1:1; 15:16; 1 Thess. 2:8; 1 Pet. 4:17; gospel of Christ, Mark 1:1; 1 Cor, 9:12, 18; Gal. 1:7; Phil. 1:27; 1 Thess. 3:2; the dispensation of the grace of God, Eph. 3:2; gospel of the grace of God, Acts 20:24; gospel of your salvation, Eph. 1:13; gospel of peace, Eph. 6:15; good tidings, Isa. 40:9; 41527; .52°7;61 15 [R. V.] Matt. 11:5; Luke 7:22; Acts, 13:32, 33; 1 Pet. 1:25; the kingdom of God, Luke 16:16; law of liberty, Jas. 1:25; word of God, 1 Thess. 2:13; 1 Pet. 1:23; word of the Lord, 1 Pet. 1:25; word of Christ, Col. 3:16; werd of this salvation, Acts 13:26; word of reconciliation, 2 Cor. 5:19; word of truth, Eph. 1:13; word of faith, Rom. 10:8; words of this life, Acts 5:20; words of life, Phil. 2:16; doctrine according to godliness, 1 Tim. 6:3; everlasting gospel (Am. R. V. eternal good tidings), Rev. 14:6; the faith, Jude 3.,
Likened to, a mustard seed, Matt. 13:31, 32; Mark 4:30-33; Luke 13:18, 19; good seed, Matt. 13:24-30, 36-43; leaven, Matt. 13:33; @ pearl of great price, Matt. 13:45, 46; Luke 13:20, 21; a hidden treasure, Matt. 13:44; a householder, Matt. 20:1-16; a feast, Luke 14:16-24.
Contrasted with the law, John 1:16, 17.
Dissemination of, Acts 14:3; 16:17; 20:24. Dissemination of, enjoined, Matt. 24:14; 28:18-20; Mark 13:10; Mark 16:15 Acts 5:20; Rom, 10:15-18; 16:25, 26; 1 Cor. 1:18, 21, 24,25; 9:16-18; Eph. 3:8-11
Life and immortality brought to light in, 2 Tim. 1:10.
Salvation through, Rom. 1:16, 17; 1 Cor. 15:1, 2; Eph. 1:13, 14;Jas, 1 Pet. 1:23. 4:6. 1:21;
Prophecies concerning, Isa, 2:3-5; 4:2-6; 9:2, 6, 7; 25:7-9; 29:18, 24; 32:3, 4; 35:5-10; 40:9; 41:27; 42:6, 7; 49:13; 51:4-6; 52:7; 55:1-5; 60:1-22; 61:1-3; Jer. 31:31-34; Ezek.34:23-381; 47:1-12; Joel 2:28-32; Mic. 4:1-7; Matt. 24:14, Luke 1:67-79; 2:12-14, 34.
The Reformation Heritage KJV Study Bible - Joel Beeke editor. - NO RESTRICTIONS. Study notes follow the books. Very Interesting helps in back of this book. One topic most Christians have not studied is "Twenty Centuries of Church History"
Dictionary of Biblical Imagery - NO RESTRICTIONS Editors Leland Ryken, J C Wilhoit, Tremper Longman III - This is a potential treasure chest to aid your preaching and teaching as it analyzes the meaning of a host of Biblical figures of speech. Clue - use the "One-page view" which then allows you to copy and paste text. One downside is there is no index, so you need to search 3291 pages for entries which are alphabetical.
The King James Study Bible Second Edition 2240 pages (2013) (Thomas Nelson) General Editor - Edward Hindson with multiple contributing editors. . 3,194 ratings. Pre-millennial. See introduction on How to Use this Study Bible.
The MacArthur Study Bible - John MacArthur. Brief but well done notes
ESV Study Bible - Excellent resource but not always literal in eschatology and the nation of Israel
HCSB Study Bible : Holman Christian Standard Bible General Editor Jeremy Royal Howard (2010) 2360 pages. Conservative. Good notes. Include Holmans excellent maps.
The David Jeremiah study bible - (2013) 2208 pages. Logos.com - "Drawing on more than 40 years of study, Dr. David Jeremiah has compiled a legacy resource that will make an eternal impact on generations to come. 8,000 study notes. Hundreds of enriching word studies"50+ Essentials of the Christian Faith" articles."
NIV Study Bible - (2011) 2570 pages - Use this one if available as it has more notes than edition below. One hour limit
NIV Study Bible by Barker, Kenneth L; Burdick, Donald W (1995) 2250 pages. This is the first edition. This resource has been fully revised in 2020. One hour limit
The Ryrie Study Bible - Charles Ryrie (1978) 2142 pages. Conservative.
The Defender's Study Bible : King James Version by Morris, Henry M. Excellent notes for well known creationist.
Believer's Bible Commentary by MacDonald, William (1995) 2480 pages. Conservative. Millennial. Often has devotional bent.
Dr. John MacArthur, Jr. - "Concise yet comprehensive - the most complete single-volume commentary I have seen."
Warren Wiersbe - "For the student who is serious about seeing Christ in the Word."
Life Application Study Bible : New Living Translation. Has some very helpful notes. 4,445 ratings
Jewish Study Bible - NO RESTRICTIONS - Jewish Publication Society - Old Testament
Matthew Henry study Bible : King James Version
The Word in life Study Bible - Very interesting format. Not your routine study Bible. Worth checking the very informative notes. (e.g., here is a picture of Jesus' post-resurrection appearances.)
New Bible Commentary - (1994) See user reviews
The Experiencing God Study Bible : the Bible for knowing and doing the will of God - Blackaby, Henry (1996) 1968 pages - CHECK THIS ONE! Each chapter begins with several questions under the title "PREPARE TO MEET GOD." Then you will interesting symbols before many of the passages. The chapter ends with a "DID YOU NOTICE?" question. This might make a "dry chapter" jump off the page! Read some of the 48 ratings
Compact Bible commentary by Radmacher, Earl D; Allen, Ronald Barclay; House, H Wayne, et al - 954 pages. 424 ratings Multiple contributors to the comments which are often verse by verse. The comments are brief but meaty and can really help your study through a given book. A sleeper in my opinion.
NIV archaeological study Bible (2005) 2360 pages 950 ratings (See also Archaeology and the Bible - OT and NT)
NIV cultural backgrounds study Bible. bringing to life the ancient world of scripture Keener, Craig and Walton, John. Editors (2017)
Evangelical Commentary on the Bible - editor Walter Elwell (1989) 1239 pages. User reviews.
Eerdmans' family encyclopedia of the Bible (1978) 344 pages
Eerdmans' handbook to the Bible (1983) 688 pages
The Lion handbook to the Bible - (1999) 822 pages. This resource is absolutely loaded with very nice color pictures and charts.
Tyndale handbook of Bible charts & maps by Wilson, Neil
Bible handbook and A-Z bible encyclopedia
International children's Bible field guide : answering kids' questions from Genesis to Revelation by Richards, Larry
The illustrated guide to Bible customs & curiosities by Knight, George W. (George William),
Today's handbook of Bible times & customs by Coleman, William L
The Shaw pocket Bible handbook - Editor - Walter Elwell (1984) 408 pages.
"This hardback is small in size but packed full of content: Brief summaries of every book of the bible, cultural, archaeological and historical info, word definitions, pictures, maps and charts." Worth checking!
Unger's Commentary on the Old Testament (Volume 2 - Isaiah - Malachi) by Unger, Merrill Frederick, 1909- (1981) 972 pages.
Zondervan illustrated Bible backgrounds commentary - New Testament - 552 pages. (2002) See user reviews.
The new Unger's Bible dictionary by Unger, Merrill Frederick, 1909-
Survey of the Bible : introductory insights, background studies, book-by- book survey by Unger, Merrill Frederick
The parallel New Testament and Unger's Bible handbook : produced for Moody monthly by Unger, Merrill (1975) 744 pages 4 ratings
The Hodder Bible handbook by Unger, Merrill
Nelson's expository dictionary of the Old Testament by Unger, Merrill
Kregel Bible handbook : a full-color guide to every book of the Bible by Kerr, William 3 ratings
The new encyclopedia of Christian quotations by Water, Mark
Zondervan handbook to the Bible
Zondervan illustrated Bible backgrounds commentary - Matthew, Mark, Luke
Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels
Dictionary of Paul and his letters 180 ratings IVP Series
Dictionary of the later New Testament & its developments 71 ratings IVP Series
Dictionary of New Testament background 79 ratings IVP Series
DANIEL AKIN - sermons
- Mark 16:1-8 The Resurrection of the Great King
- Note that this message ends with about 15 pages of discussion on the Authenticity of the Resurrection
HENRY ALFORD The New Testament for English Readers
James Rosscup writes that Alford's series on the New Testament "contains much that is valuable in the Greek New Testament...though all of the Greek New Testament words have been changed to English throughout." (Commentaries for Biblical Expositors: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Works)
W C ALLEN
JOSEPH A ALEXANDER
Spurgeon's critique - Alexander expounds Mark as an independent record, and does not constantly tell us to “see Matthew and Luke.” Hence the book is complete in itself, and the author’s learning and care have made it invaluable.
Hiebert - A comprehensive, conservative interpretation of Mark's gospel by a New Testament scholar who was one of the greatest of his day. Based on sound scholarship, the volume offers a careful unfolding of the meaning of the gospel text. Surprisingly fresh in spite of its age.
- Commentary on the Gospel of Mark - 488 pages
PAUL APPLE Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
WILLIAM BARCLAY Commentary on the Gospel of Mark Daily Study Bible
D Edmond Hiebert - Prints the author's own translation. Valuable for its numerous helpful word studies and background material. Barclay holds that Christ's descent into Hades gave those who there heard Him a second chance.
Comment: I appreciate Barclay's unique insights on Greek words, but clearly his teaching about a "second chance" is NOT sound doctrine! Be an Acts 17:11 Berean with Barclay. See discussion of his orthodoxy especially the article "The Enigmatic William Barclay".
ALBERT BARNES Commentary on the Gospel of Mark Notes on the New Testament
BRIAN BELL Sermons on Mark
- Mark 16 - sermon notes compiled
CHRIS BENFIELD SERMONS
- Mark 16:1-8 Triumph at the Tomb
- Mark 16:1-8 The Glory in Resurrection -
- Mark 16:9-20 Commissioned with the Gospel -
JOHANN BENGEL Gnomon of the New Testament
JOHANN BENGEL The Critical English Testament
Combination of Gnomon above + Comments by other expositors [in brackets] (Recommended if not conversant with Greek)
JOSEPH BENSON
BIBLE.ORG RESOURCES Resources that Reference Mark
JIM BOMKAMP SERMONS Click for links to the following studies:
A B BRUCE The Expositor's Greek Testament Commentary
BIBLICAL ILLUSTRATOR Commentary
WILLIAM BURKITT
CAMBRIDGE GREEK TESTAMENT FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
Rosscup writes - "This is an excellent liberal study of the book from the standpoint of the Greek. There are excellent cross-references on key words, and usually serious efforts to explain the meaning." (Ed note: The word "liberal" is cause for considerable discretion if you use this work by Alfred Plummer.)
CAMBRIDGE BIBLE FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
JOHN CALVIN Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
Note: Calvin combines the synoptic Gospels and thus does not have a completely separate commentary on Mark
ALAN CARR Sermons on the Gospel of Mark - well done
RICH CATHERS Sermons
D MARION CLARK Sermons - opens a Word Document
W A CRISWELL SERMONS ON GOSPEL OF MARK
ADAM CLARKE Commentary on the Gospel of Mark Click for caveat on Clarke
THOMAS CONSTABLE Expository Notes and Commentary Conservative, Millennial
RON DANIEL Sermon Notes on the Gospel of Mark
DEFENDER'S STUDY BIBLE Notes on the Gospel of Mark Dr Henry Morris
DICTIONARY ARTICLES
- Mark, theology of - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary
- Mark - Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament
- Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible Mark (John)
- Mark, John - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
- Kitto Biblical Cyclopedia John mark
- The Nuttall Encyclopedia Mark, John
- Fausset Bible Dictionary Mark, John
- Holman Bible Dictionary Mark, John
DAN DUNCAN Gospel of Mark Sermons
EARLY CHURCH
- Mark Commentary - 16
J N DARBY
JOHN DUMMELOW
EASY ENGLISH
CHARLES ELLICOTT
DWIGHT EDWARDS - pithy and practical
WILLIAM EDWARDS, MD
- On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ - Medical Article from Journal of American Medical Association on crucifixion
EXPOSITOR'S DICTIONARY OF TEXTS Gospel of Mark
EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE COMMENTARY Gospel of Mark G A Chadwick
FEFC WICHITA - sermons series, several pastors - audio and notes (usually several pages)
DON FORTNER -
Mark Sermon Outlines - 79 messages - available titles:
- Mark 16:19-20 So Then.
- Mark 16:15-18 The Great Commission
- Mark 16:9-14 When Jesus Was Risen
- Mark 16:1-8 When The Sabbath Was Past
A C GAEBELEIN
JOHN GILL
RICHARD GLOVER - "A Teacher's Commentary" - an older work (1884), but with excellent devotional comments
Review - Richard Glover (1837-1919) minister of Tyndale Baptist Church, Bristol has a very fine devotional commentary hidden under a bad title. “A Teachers Commentary on Matthew” (also a separate volume on Mark) is misleading, sounds D.O.A., and is easily passed over for something glossy. But as far as commentaries are concerned, Glover’s title is one of his only weaknesses. Glover writes with a deceptively simple style. He meditates on the text in front of him, looks for the heart, feeling, and experimental sense, gives instructive hints primarily for meditation but is wholly quotable. In a word, he is a fine example of expository writing,
WILLIAM GODBEY
GOSPEL COALITION
GOTQUESTIONS - Related to the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16:1 - What was the significance of anointing spices in the Bible?
- Mark 16:9-20 - Should Mark 16:9-20 be in the Bible?
- Mark 16:17-18 - What does the Bible say about snake handling? Should we be handling snakes in church?
- Mark 16:16 - Does Mark 16:16 teach that baptism is necessary for salvation?
SCOTT GRANT Sermons
JAMES GRAY
DAVE GUZIK Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
JAMES HASTINGS Great Texts of the Bible
RICHARD HAWKER
DANIEL HILL VERSE BY VERSE
This expositional Bible study of the Gospel of Mark was written by Dr. Daniel Hill when he was the Pastor of Southwood Bible Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He taught the complete book, verse by verse. These are well done and have frequent points of practical application.
F B HOLE
DAVID HOLWICK SERMONS Frequent illustrations.
MATTHEW HENRY
H A IRONSIDE'S NOTES Gospel of Mark
ICC NEW TESTAMENT COMMENTARY Commentary on the Gospel of Mark E. P. Gould
LOWELL JOHNSON - well-done sermons providing a good template for your sermon
- Up from the Grave He Arose Mark 16:1-8
- And Peter Mark 16:1-7
JOHN DANIEL JONES - Biography
Note - Has wonderful devotional and pragmatic flavor.
Congregational preacher J.D. Jones brings out some of the most applicable lessons from Mark without dodging the difficult passages, and in doing so delivers what Warren Wiersbe calls “one of the best” commentaries on Mark." Now that is high praise! (from Logos.com)
WILLIAM KELLY
STEVE KRELOFF
J P LANGE Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
JAMIESON, FAUSSET, BROWN Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16 Commentary
- Mark 16 Commentary - unabridged
PAUL KRETZMANN
J P LANGE Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
DAVID LEGGE Sermons on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16:9-20: Fear
- Mark 16:14-16: Preaching Evangelistically Part 1 - The Preaching
JOHN LIGHTFOOT Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
HERBERT LUCKOCK
Cyril J. Barber - “A suggestive, devotional commentary of real merit.”
JOHN MACARTHUR Sermons on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16:1-8 Amazement at the Empty Tomb
- Mark 16:1-8 Testimonies to the Resurrection
- Mark 16:9-20 The Fitting End to Mark’s Gospel
- Mark 16:9-20 Confidence in God’s Word, as It Is Written
ALEXANDER MACLAREN Sermons on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16:1-13 The Incredulous Disciples
- Mark 16:5 Perpetual Youth
- Mark 16:5, 6 The Angel in the Tomb
- Mark 16:7 Love’s Triumph Over Sin
- Mark 16:9 'First to Mary’
- Mark 16:15 The World-wide Commission
- Mark 16:19 The Enthroned Christ
F B MEYER Our Daily Homily or Our Daily Walk
H A W MEYER
J VERNON MCGEE 'Thru the Bible'
BRYN MACPHAIL SERMONS
HENRY MAHAN
JEFF MILLER Notes
MONERGISM
G CAMPBELL MORGAN
G CAMPBELL MORGAN Mark Commentary
Cyril J. Barber - Emphasizes the concept of ‘service’ as the key to understanding this Gospel, and provides a fast-moving chronological exposition. Morgan’s works should be in every preacher’s library.”
JAMES MORISON
Spurgeon - “A deeply learned work; we know of none more thorough. Differing as we do from this author’s theology, we nevertheless set a high price upon this production.”
Cyril Barber - A very full, devotional treatment. The overall strength of this exposition far outweighs its syntactical deficiencies.”
FRANK MORISON
- Who Moved the Stone? by Frank Morison - an apologetic discussion of the truth of the Resurrection. Morison writes in the Preface "it is essentially a confession, the inner story of a man who originally set out to write one kind of book and found himself compelled by the sheer force of circumstances to write another."
ROBERT NEIGHBOUR
NET BIBLE NOTES
JAMES NISBET Church Pulpit Commentary
OUR DAILY BREAD Devotional and Sermon Illustrations
- Mark 16 - compilation
- Mark 16:1-14 Sad Or Glad
- Mark 16:2 Sunrise Hope
- Mark 16:4 God Will Move The Stone
- Mark 16:15 Let the Whole World Hear!
- Mark 16:15 A Personal Gospel
- Mark 16:15 Evie's Decision
JOSEPH PARKER The People's Bible Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
PASTOR LIFE
Changed By The Resurrection Of Jesus Christ Mark 16 :1-7 Resurrection; Peter; Faith; Salvation J. Robert White The Empty Tomb and the Second Chance Mark 16 :7 Resurrection; Easter; Life, Eternal; Second Chance; Love of God O.S. Hawkins
ARTHUR PEAKE
PENINSULA BIBLE
Surprised and Scared Mark 16:1-8 Taylor, Paul The Savior Appears: Too Good To Be True Mark 16:1-20 Zeisler, Steve A New Day Mark 16:1-8 Grant, Scott
GENE PENSIERO - sermons
- Mark 16:1-8 – Victory Is The Spice Of Eternal Life
- Mark 16:9-20 – Then I Saw His Grace, Now I’m A Believer!
PETER PETT
MATTHEW POOLE English Annotations on the Holy Bible
PREACHER'S COMPLETE HOMILETICAL COMMENTARY Gospel of Mark
THE PULPIT COMMENTARY Gospel of Mark: Scroll Down Page for the Homilies
ROBERT RAYBURN SERMONS
REFORMATION STUDY BIBLE STUDY NOTES
- Mark 16:1
- Mark 16:3
- Mark 16:5
- Mark 16:6
- Mark 16:7
- Mark 16:8
- Mark 16:9–20
- Mark 16:9
- Mark 16:12
- Mark 16:15
- Mark 16:16
- Mark 16:17
- Mark 16:19
- Mark 16:20
KIM RIDDLEBARGER - Downloads Pdf about 7 pages
A. T. ROBERTSON Word Pictures on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16 Commentary
- Studies in Mark’s Gospel 1919 134 pages Cyril J. Barber - Does not follow a verse-by-verse exposition, but deals with introductory problems before discussing such items as miracles, parables, the teaching of Christ, Aramaic and Latin terms, and the disputed ending of the Gospel.
- The Teaching of Jesus in Mark’s Gospel
- Making Good in the Ministry: a Sketch of John Mark
DON ROBINSON Sermons on Mark
- Mark 16:1-8 Who Shall Roll Away the Stone?
- Mark 16:1-11 Come, See For Yourself!
- Mark 16:15 The Great Commission, the Personnel
J C RYLE Commentary on the Gospel of Mark
JOHNNY SANDERS
- The Gospel of Mark Volume 1 - Bible Notebook
- The Gospel of Mark Volume 2 - Bible Notebook
- Mark - A Named Called Mark
PHILLIP SCHAFF
SERMON BIBLE
CHARLES SIMEON Sermons on the Gospel of Mark
NOTE: If you are not familiar with the great saint Charles Simeon see Dr John Piper's discussion of Simeon's life - you will want to read Simeon's sermons after meeting him! - click Brothers We Must Not Mind a Little Suffering
CHUCK SMITH Commentary and Sermon Notes
- Mark 16 Commentary
- Mark 15-16
- Sermon Notes for Mark 16:1-4 - Mark 16:1-4
- Sermon Notes for Mark 16:9 - Mark 16:9-11 The Tragedy of Unbelief
- Sermon Notes for Mark 16:15,16 - Mark 16:15, 16 Supreme Task of Church
JAMES SMITH HANDFULS OF PURPOSE
Click here for the following studies on the Gospel of Mark
- Mark 16:1-8.TAUGHT IN THE SEPULCHER.
- Mark 16:9-14.RESURRECTION REVELATIONS.
- Mark 16:15-20.THE GREAT COMMISSION.
SPEAKER'S COMMENTARY
- Mark 7 Commentary 16
R C SPROUL - Devotionals from Ligonier Ministries
C. H. SPURGEON
- Mark 16:6 Belief in the Resurrection
- Mark 16:7 The Messages of Our Lord's Love
- Mark 16:9 Jesus Appearing to Mary Magdalene
- Mark 16:9 Mary Magdalene
- Mark 16:10 Sad Interior and a Cheery Messenger
- Mark 16:14 Unbelievers Rebuked (Upbraided)
- Mark 16:15-16 Baptismal Regeneration
- Mark 16:15,16 Preach, Preach, Preach Everywhere
- Mark 16:16 Baptism Essential to Obedience
- Mark 16:20 Christ and His Co-Workers
- Mark 16
DEVOTIONALS - C. H. SPURGEON
- Click here for all of the following devotionals on one page
- Mark 16:7 Always First in Fellowship
- Mark 16:9 He appeared first to Mary Magdalene
- Mark 16:9 Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils
- Mark 16:16 He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved
MARK L STRAUSS - COMMENTARY
- The Trial Before Pilate (15:1–15)
- The Mocking and Crucifixion of Jesus (15:16–32)
- The Death and Burial of Jesus (15:33–47)
- Epilogue: The Resurrection Announced
- Bibliography
- Endnotes & Permissions
CLAUDE STAUFFER
RAY STEDMAN Sermons on the Gospel of Mark
JOSEPH SUTCLIFFE
HENRY BARCLAY SWETE (1902)
Rosscup writes - "Swete’s work is one of the best older conservative commentaries on the Greek text. Swete was an Anglican minister and a scholar in Latin, Greek, and theology, and taught at Cambridge. He does a fairly good job on the Messianic character of the suffering Servant."
D A Carson says that Swete's commentary is "dull and stodgy, in spite of its thorough scholarship."
- Mark Commentary Main Page (heavy on Greek) -
- Enter page # in parenthesis to go to respective chapter
Mark 1 (p1)
THIRD MILLENNIUM Notes on the the Gospel of Mark
- Jesus' Resurrection - Mark 16:1-20
- The Sabbath was over - Mark 16:1-3
- He has risen! - Mark 16:4-7
- Afraid - Mark 16:8
- Textual Note - Mark 16:9-20
- He appeared first to Mary Magdalene - Mark 16:9-11
- Jesus appeared - Mark 16:12-14
- A great commission - Mark 16:15-18
- Jesus ascended - Mark 16:19-20
DEREK THOMAS SERMONS
- Mark 16:1-7 Three Resurrections - James Baird
- Mark Up From the Grave He Arose
- Mark 16:1-8 Too Good to Be True? Billy Dempsey
GEOFF THOMAS SERMONS
DAVID THOMPSON Sermons
TODAY IN THE WORD Devotionals
JOHN TRAPP
BOB UTLEY
JAMES VAN DINE
MARVIN VINCENT New Testament Word Studies
OCTAVIUS WINSLOW
|
THE RESURRECTION |
||||
| EVENT | Mt 28:1-8 | Mk 16:1-8 | Lk 24:1-10 | Jn 20:1-8 |
|
When? |
At Dawn |
Just after sunrise |
Very early in the morning |
While it was still dark |
|
Who comes first? |
Mary Magdelene and the other Mary |
Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome |
Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and others |
Mary Magdalene |
|
What do they find? |
earthquake with angel who rolls back the stone |
stone rolled away |
stone rolled away |
stone removed from the entrance |
|
Whom do they see? |
angel sitting on the stone |
young man in white robe, sitting on the right |
two men in clothes that gleamed like lightening |
no one |
|
What do they do? |
ran to tell his disciples |
fled from the tomb, afraid to say anything |
told what had happened to the Eleven and others |
ran to tell Peter and the disciple, the one Jesus loved |
|
What happens next? |
Jesus met them |
|
Peter goes to the tomb to investigate |
Peter and the other disciple investigate |
|
What is the third scene? |
guards report to chief priests and are bribed |
|
story of two disciples on Emmaus road |
Mary sees two angels in white, seated where Jesus’ body had been |
Harmony of the Gospel Accounts A T Robertson -
THE VISIT OF THE WOMEN TO THE TOMB OF JESUS ABOUT SUNRISE SUNDAY MORNING AND THE MESSAGE OF THE ANGELS ABOUT THE EMPTY TOMB - Mark 16:1-8, Mt 28:1-8, Lk 24:1-12, Jn 20:1-13 (Harmony of the Gospels - scroll down to page 280 for Visit of Women to the Tomb...)
Question - Can the various resurrection accounts from the four Gospels be harmonized?
Answer: The events surrounding Jesus’ resurrection can be difficult to piece together. We must remember two things: first, the news of Jesus’ resurrection produced much excitement in Jerusalem, and in the ensuing chaos many people were going many different directions. Groups were separated, and several different groups paid visits to the tomb, possibly more than once. Second, the writers of the Gospels did not attempt an exhaustive narrative; in other words, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John had no intention of telling us every detail of the resurrection or every event in the order that it happened.
n the battle with skeptics regarding Jesus’ resurrection, Christians are in a "no-win" situation. If the resurrection accounts harmonize perfectly, skeptics will claim that the writers of the Gospels conspired together. If the resurrection accounts have some differences, skeptics will claim that the Gospels contradict each other and therefore cannot be trusted. It is our contention that the resurrection accounts can be harmonized and do not contradict each other.
However, even if the resurrection accounts cannot be perfectly harmonized, that does not make them untrustworthy. By any reasonable evaluation, the resurrection accounts from the four Gospels are superbly consistent eyewitness testimonies. The central truths - that Jesus was resurrected from the dead and that the resurrected Jesus appeared to many people - are clearly taught in each of the four Gospels. The apparent inconsistencies are in "side issues." How many angels did they see in the tomb, one or two? (Perhaps one person only saw one angel, while the other person saw two angels.) To how many women did Jesus appear, and to whom did He appear first? (While each Gospel has a slightly different sequence to the appearances, none of them claims to be giving the precise chronological order.) So, while the resurrection accounts may seem to be inconsistent, it cannot be proven that the accounts are contradictory.
Here is a possible harmony of the narratives of the resurrection of Christ and His post-resurrection appearances, in chronological order:
- Jesus is buried, as several women watch (Matthew 27:57-61; Mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56; John 19:38-42).
- The tomb is sealed and a guard is set (Matthew 27:62-66).
- At least 3 women, including Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome, prepare spices to go to the tomb (Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:1).
- An angel descends from heaven, rolls the stone away, and sits on it. There is an earthquake, and the guards faint (Matthew 28:2-4).
- The women arrive at the tomb and find it empty. Mary Magdalene leaves the other women there and runs to tell the disciples (John 20:1-2).
- The women still at the tomb see two angels who tell them that Jesus is risen and who instruct them to tell the disciples to go to Galilee (Matthew 28:5-7; Mark 16:2-8; Luke 24:1-8).
- The women leave to bring the news to the disciples (Matthew 28:8).
- The guards, having roused themselves, report the empty tomb to the authorities, who bribe the guards to say the body was stolen (Matthew 28:11-15).
- Mary the mother of James and the other women, on their way to find the disciples, see Jesus (Matthew 28:9-10).
- The women relate what they have seen and heard to the disciples (Luke 24:9-11).
- Peter and John run to the tomb, see that it is empty, and find the grave clothes (Luke 24:12; John 20:2-10).
- Mary Magdalene returns to the tomb. She sees the angels, and then she sees Jesus (John 20:11-18).
- Later the same day, Jesus appears to Peter (Luke 24:34; 1 Corinthians 15:5).
- Still on the same day, Jesus appears to Cleopas and another disciple on their way to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-32).
- That evening, the two disciples report the event to the Eleven in Jerusalem (Luke 24:32-35).
- Jesus appears to ten disciples—Thomas is missing (Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25).
- Jesus appears to all eleven disciples—Thomas included (John 20:26-31).
- Jesus appears to seven disciples by the Sea of Galilee (John 21:1-25).
- Jesus appears to about 500 disciples in Galilee (1 Corinthians 15:6).
- Jesus appears to His half-brother James (1 Corinthians 15:7).
- Jesus commissions His disciples (Matthew 28:16-20).
- Jesus teaches His disciples the Scriptures and promises to send the Holy Spirit (Luke 24:44-49; Acts 1:4-5).
- Jesus ascends into heaven (Luke 24:50-53; Acts 1:6-12). GotQuestions.or
SERMONS BY VERSE - Older expositions