BUT I SAY TO YOU THAT
EVERYONE WHO LOOKS AT A WOMAN WITH LUST FOR HER: ego de lego (1SPAI)
humin hoti pas o blepon (PAPMSN) gunaika pros to epithumesai (AAN) auten
(Mt 22,39; 7:28,29) (Genesis 34:2; Joseph's great example in Ge 39:7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23; Ex 20:17;
2Samuel 11:2, 3, 4, 5 = King David, probably in his early 50's! Writer
of most of the Psalms!; Job 31:1,7, 9; Pr 6:25; James 1:13, 14,15;
2Peter 2:14; 1John 2:15, 16, 17)
But I say to you that everyone whose
eyes are turned on a woman with desire has had connection with her in
his heart. (BBE)
But I tell you that if you look at
another woman and want her, you are already unfaithful in your thoughts.
(CEV)
But I tell you that if anyone looks
at a woman and wants to sin sexually with her, then he has already done
that sin with the woman in his mind. (International Children's Bible)
Related Resource: See
exposition of Solomon's treatise on sexual propriety
Pr 5:1-14;
Pr 5:15-23;
Pr 6:20-35;
Pr 7:1-27
There is a saying that when one takes a
vote and the those who vote "yes" win -- "The aye's have it!" Well that
is the problem with lust...the eyes have it! Look at the following
passages (these are just a sampling of many similar passages) and notice
the central role of the eyes...
And it shall be a tassel for you to
look at and remember all the commandments of the LORD, so as to do them
and not follow after your own
heart and your own
eyes, after which you
played the harlot, (Nu 15:39)
Then those of you who escape will
remember Me among the nations to which they will be carried captive, how
I have been hurt by their adulterous
hearts which turned away from Me,
and by their eyes, which played the harlot after their idols; and they
will loathe themselves in their own sight for the evils which they have
committed, for all their abominations (see note
Ezekiel 6:9)
(A man's violent son who) oppresses
the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, but
lifts up his eyes to the idols, and commits abomination (Ezekiel 18:12)
But they (Israel) rebelled against
Me and were not willing to listen to Me; they did not cast away the
detestable things of their eyes, nor did they forsake the idols of
Egypt. Then I resolved to pour out My wrath on them, to accomplish My
anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt. (Ezekiel 20:8)
So Achan (when his sin was
exposed - see Nu 32:23!) answered Joshua and
said, "Truly, I have sinned against the LORD, the God of Israel, and
this is what I did: when I saw among the spoil a beautiful mantle from
Shinar
and two hundred
shekels
of silver and a bar of gold fifty shekels
in weight, then I coveted them and took them; and behold, they are
concealed in the earth inside my tent with the silver underneath it."
(Joshua 7:20, 21)
Comment: Note progression
- Saw with eyes, coveted in his heart, stole with with his hands, hid
because he knew it was wrong - cp Pr 28:13, Pr 5:21, 22, 15:3 David in
Ps 32:1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Job expresses his
resolve to guard his eyes
declaring...
I have made a
covenant
(the
most solemn, binding agreement known in the ancient near east) with my
eyes. How then could I gaze (Hebrew verb which does not refer to a casual glance
but means to consider carefully, diligently consider, discern, get
understanding, look carefully, pay close attention
to; cp David 2Sa 11:2, 3, 4,5) at a virgin? (Job
31:1) (Comment: One version says to
gaze is to "undress a girl with my eyes!)
Job then links his eyes (what we
let in to our mind) with the
heart (our
thought life - our intellect, emotion, will) in Job 31 writing...
If my step has turned from the
way, or my
heart
followed my eyes... (Job 31:1, 7) (Compare Solomon's uses of
heart in his "treatise" on sexual purity in Proverbs 5-7 = Pr 5:12,
6:21, 25, 7:3, 7:10, 25)
Job goes on to add some "teeth"
so to speak to his covenant, calling down on himself his own punishment
if he were to break covenant...
If my
heart
has been enticed by
a woman, or I have lurked at my neighbor's doorway, may my wife grind
for another, and let others kneel down over her (most take this latter
statement to refer
to her lying with another man). For that would be a lustful crime;
moreover, it would be an iniquity punishable by judges. (Job 31:9,
10, 11)
John MacArthur issues a strong
warning to all would desire to live godly in Christ Jesus explaining
that...
Although sexual temptations have
been strong since man’s fall, our day of permissiveness and perversion
has brought an increase in those destructive influences that no society
in history has had before (see note
2 Timothy 3:13).
Ours is a day of unbridled indulgence in sexual passion. People
propagate, promote, and exploit it through the most powerful and
pervasive media ever known to man. It seems to be the almost
uninterrupted theme of our society’s entertainment. Even in academic and
religious circles we see seminars, books, tapes, and programs of all
sorts that promise to improve sexual knowledge, experience, freedom, and
enjoyment. Mass media uses sex to sell its products and to glamorize its
programs. Sex crimes are at all-time highs, while infidelity, divorce,
and perversion are justified. Marriage, sexual fidelity, and moral
purity are scorned, ridiculed, and laughed at. We are preoccupied with
sex to a degree perhaps never before seen in a civilized culture.
(MacArthur,
J: Matthew 1-7 Chicago: Moody Press
or
Logos)
But - Literally this reads
"but I -- I say to you" (ego de lego). Once again Jesus counters
"popular opinion" and raises the bar on sexual sin, to not just external
acts but internal thoughts. And there is no "secret" thought life before
the all knowing God.
Everyone - No exception
clauses. Priests, kings, ministers, etc are not given a pass on sexual
infidelity with their eyes!
Looks (991)
(blepo) means to look at or behold. Blepo generally denotes
simply a voluntary observation or taking notice of something or someone.
In some contexts blepo conveys the sense of directing one's attention to
something so as to take notice of it or consider it (eg, 1Co 1:26).
Jesus uses blepo 5 times in this Sermon (Mt 5:28; 6:4, 6, 18;
7:3)
Blepo is in the
present tense
which pictures one continually looking (a "lust filled" look at that).
The idea is that what may have begun as a glance, becomes a gaze! Men,
don't go there! Cut your losses quickly! Jesus is not describing a casual glance, but a
veritable lust filled stare. This look characterizes the man whose glance is not
checked by holy (Spirit) restraint (See the fruit of the Spirit, self
control in notes on
and
Galatians 5:23)
Barclay comments that...
The man whom Jesus here condemns
(in Mt 5:27, 28)
is the man who deliberately uses his eyes to stimulate his desires; the
man who finds a strange delight in things which waken the desire for the
forbidden thing. To the pure all things are pure. But the man whose
heart is defiled can look at any scene and find something in it
titillate and excite the wrong desire. (Barclay,
W: The Daily Study Bible Series. The Westminster Press
or
Logos)
Moffatt's paraphrase conveys
the idea...
anyone who looks at a woman and
wants to possess her (or as another version says "to undress her"!)
Barclay has an
interesting rendering we men would do well to ponder...
if anyone looks at a woman in
such a way as deliberately to awaken within himself the forbidden desire
for her.
Wiersbe explains that...
The “look” that Jesus mentioned
was not a casual glance, but a constant stare with the purpose of
lusting. It is possible for a man to glance at a beautiful woman and
know that she is beautiful, but not lust (cp "gaze" in Job 31:1) after her. The man Jesus
described looked at the woman for the purpose of feeding his inner
sensual appetites as a substitute for the act (cp James 1:14, 15-notes). It was not accidental; it
was planned (cp Ro 13:14-note). (Wiersbe,
W: Bible Exposition Commentary. 1989. Victor
or
Logos)
Lust (1937)
(epithumeo from epí = upon, used intensively + thumós
= passion) (Click
study of noun
epithumia)
means literally to fix the desire upon (object could be good [Mt 13:17,
Lk 22:15 used of Jesus] or bad [1Co 10:6]). It means to have a strong
desire to do or secure something. To desire greatly. To long for. Note
that the preposition epi can express motion toward or upon
and thus one lexicon defines it as to set one's heart upon. In sum,
epithumeo describes a strong impulse toward something so that one's passions or affections directed toward some
object, thing or person.
Jesus uses epithumeo with its
evil connotation here in Mt 5:28, where epithumeo describes a husband's
lustful passion directly toward a woman who is not his wife ("Those
leering looks you think nobody notices" Msg). As an aside, for one of
the best "defenses" against this seductive but dangerous sin of sexual
immorality and adultery see Solomon's advice in Pr 5:15, 16, 17, 18, 19
and compare it with Paul's in 1Co 7:2, 5. In fact, Proverbs 5-7 should
be required reading for every Christian man at least once a year!
Here are the 16 uses of epithumeo
in the NT - Mt 5:28-note;
Mt 13:17; Lk 15:16; 16:21; 17:22; 22:15; Acts 20:33; Ro 7:7-note;
Ro 13:9-note;
1Co 10:6; Gal 5:17-note;
1Ti 3:1; Heb 6:11-note;
James 4:2; 1Pe 1:12-note;
Re 9:6-note.
Epithumeo is translated in the NAS as covet(2), coveted(1),
craved(1), desire(1), desired(2), desires(1), long to(3), longing to(2),
lust(2), sets its desire(1).
There are 37 uses of epithumeo
in the non-apocryphal
Septuagint (LXX)-
Ge 31:30; 49:14; Ex 20:17; 34:24; Nu 11:4; Dt 5:21; 7:25; 12:20; 14:26;
18:6; 1Sa 2:16; 20:4; 2Sa 3:21; 23:15; 1Ki 11:37; 1Chr. 11:17; 2Chr 8:6;
Esther 4:17; Job 33:20; Ps 45:11; 106:14; 119:20, 40; Pr 21:26; 23:3, 6;
24:1; Eccl 6:2; Song 2:3; Is 1:29; 26:9; 43:24; 58:2, 11; Je 17:16; Amos
5:18; Mic 2:2
UBS Handbook makes the
distinction that...
this verse does not just refer
to noticing a woman as attractive, or even to a brief recognition that
she is sexually appealing. It refers instead to actually contemplating
having sex with her, that is, to having the intention of doing so.
(The
United Bible Societies' New Testament Handbook Series
or
Logos)
Lust is like rot in the bones.
Thomas Brooks wrote that...
A little will satisfy nature;
less will satisfy grace; nothing will satisfy men's lusts.
The Ten Commandments clearly
addressed the problem of looking and desiring...
You shall not covet your
neighbor's house; you shall not covet (chamad = desire,
take pleasure in;
Lxx
= epithumeo the same verb Jesus used in Mt 5:28 = to set one's
heart upon and so to have a strong impulse in this context in a bad
sense toward) your neighbor's wife or his male servant or his female
servant or his ox or his donkey or anything that belongs to your
neighbor.
(Exodus 20:17, cp Dt 5:21)
Oswald Chambers rightly warned
us that...
We cannot think anything without
the thought having its consequence. (Shade of His Hand)
Jesus explained the
relationship between the heart (including our thought life,
especially our "secret" thought life - not "secret" to God - Pr 5:21,
15:3, et al) and our actions, specifically those that are defiling...
(In the context of clarifying that
food is not what defiles a man) And He was saying, "That which proceeds
out of the man, that is what defiles the man. For from within, out of
the heart of men, proceed the evil thoughts, fornications, thefts,
murders, adulteries, deeds of coveting and wickedness, as well as
deceit, sensuality, envy, slander, pride and foolishness. All these evil
things proceed from within and defile the man. (Mark 7:20-23, cp Mt
12:34)
Solomon explains that...
the commandment is a lamp, and the
teaching is light; and reproofs for discipline are the way of life, to
keep you from the evil woman, from the smooth tongue of the adulteress.
Do not desire her beauty in your
heart,
(cp Job 31:7, 9)
nor let her catch you with her eyelids. (See
notes Proverbs 6:23-25)
James explains that we are each
responsible and cannot blame God writing...
Let no one say when he is
tempted, "I am being tempted by God"; for God cannot be tempted by evil,
and He Himself does not tempt anyone. But each one is tempted when
he is carried away and enticed by his own lust. Then when lust has
conceived, it gives birth to sin; and when sin is accomplished, it
brings forth death. Do not be deceived, my beloved brethren. (James 1:13-16)
The godly King David failed to
keep watch over his eye gate which were the door to his heart as
recorded in 2 Samuel 11...
Then it happened in the spring, at
the time when kings go out to battle (Spring was an advantageous time to
wage war because of good weather and available provisions from the
harvest), that David sent Joab and his servants with him and all Israel,
and they destroyed the sons of Ammon and besieged Rabbah.
But
(this is one of saddest conjunctions in the Bible and in the story of
this man after God's own heart. So many subsequent events hinged on this
one "but". How we all need to watch over our hearts with all
diligence especially when the old nature begins to seduce with "but
this..." or "but that...")
David stayed at Jerusalem.
2 Now when evening came David arose from his bed and walked around on
the roof of the king's house, and from the roof he saw a woman bathing
(Oriental homes had an enclosed courtyard that was considered part of
the house. Bathsheba, bathing herself by lamplight, was not immodest for
she was in her house. However, the interior of the courtyard could be
seen from the roof of David's house, situated as it was on the higher
elevation of Mt Zion); and the woman was very beautiful in appearance
(Temptation is the enticement to satisfy God given desires in a God
forbidden way. We all must remember that character is revealed by what
you do in secret, when no one else is around to see. David's palace
likely commanded the best view and there was no one who see into his
courtyard except of course God! How practical are the lessons in David's
life in our modern era where one click of a mouse in privacy of one's
study, where no one else can see, can place a "bathing Bathsheba" before
one's eyes in an instant. Maturity is revealed by what you do in your
free time. A person of integrity uses their free time wisely.) (Click
Spurgeon's devotional
on 2Samuel 11:2)
3 So David sent and inquired about the woman. (David looked and
he lusted in his heart) And one said, "Is this not
Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?" (We
are never out of the reach of temptation. Both at home and abroad we are
liable to meet with allurements to evil; the morning opens with peril,
and the shades of evening find us still in jeopardy. They are well kept
whom God keeps, but woe unto those who go forth into the world, or even
dare to walk their own house unarmed. Those who think themselves secure
are more exposed to danger than any others. The armour-bearer of Sin
is Self-confidence. It wasn’t sin for David accidentally to see
Bathsheba bathing. Sin came when he allowed himself—no, chose —to
fix his eyes and mind on her. Lust overshadowed moral conviction.
David’s dam wasn’t strong enough to restrain the forces of sexual
temptation he exposed himself to. Am I more righteous than David, whom
God called “a man after his own heart”)
4 And David sent messengers and took
her, and when she came to him, he lay with her; and when she had
purified herself from her uncleanness, she returned to her house.
5 And the woman conceived; and she
sent and told David, and said, "I am pregnant." (like a stone thrown in
water, sin’s ripples led to a cover-up and murder for which David, his
family, and his nation suffered dearly) 6 Then David sent to Joab,
saying, "Send me Uriah the Hittite." So Joab sent Uriah to David.
7 When Uriah came to him, David
asked concerning the welfare of Joab and the people and the state of the
war. 8 Then David said to Uriah, "Go down to your house, and wash your
feet." And Uriah went out of the king's house, and a present from the
king was sent out after him.
HAS ALREADY COMMITTED
ADULTERY WITH HER IN HIS HEART: ede emoicheusen (3SAAI) auten en te
kardia autou
(Psalms 119:96; Romans 7:7,8,14)
Spurgeon comments
So that the unholy desire, the
lascivious glance, everything that approximates towards licentiousness,
is here condemned; and Christ is proved to be not the Abrogator of the
law, but the Confirmer of it. See how he shows that the commandment is
exceedingly broad, wide as the canopy of heaven, all-embracing. How
sternly it condemns us all, and how well it becomes us to fall down at
the feet of the God of infinite mercy, and seek his forgiveness.
“’Tis mercy — mercy we
implore,
We would thy pity move;
Thy grace is an exhaustless store,
And thou thyself art Love.”
Committed adultery (3431)
(moicheuo from moichós = an adulterer - see
Adultery) means to commit
adultery and refers to sexual intercourse between a man and woman when
one or both of them is married.
MacArthur adds that...
In both the Old and New Testaments
the word relates to sexual intercourse with anyone other than one’s
marriage partner. That Jesus here implies that the principle of sexual
purity can be seen in a wider sense than adultery (though adultery is
His point here) seems clear from the fact that both everyone and a woman
are comprehensive terms that could also apply to the unmarried...
It is not lustful looking that
causes the sin in the heart, but the sin in the heart that causes
lustful looking. The lustful looking is but the expression of a heart
that is already immoral and adulterous. The heart is the soil where the
seeds of sin are imbedded and begin to grow.
(MacArthur,
J: Matthew 1-7 Chicago: Moody Press
or
Logos)
The central moral thrust of the
Sermon on the Mount is that the basis of all sin is the inner thought,
not the outward act. A person commits the sin when he wants to do it,
whether or not he ever carries it out in action.
Do not misunderstand what Jesus is
saying. He is not saying that a lustful thought is identical to a
lustful deed, and so one might just as well commit adultery! That is not
what He is saying! The desire and the deed are not identical, but,
spiritually speaking, they are equivalent.
Dave Guzik agrees writing
that...
Jesus is not saying that the act of
adultery and adultery in the heart are the same thing. More than a few
people have been deceived on this point, and say "I’ve already committed
adultery in my heart, so I may as well do it in practice." The act of
adultery is far worse than adultery in the heart. Jesus’ point is not to
say they are the same things, but to say they are both sin, and both
prohibited by the command against adultery. Some people only keep from
adultery because they are afraid to get caught, and in their heart they
commit adultery every day. It is good that they keep from the act of
adultery, but it is bad that their heart is filled with adultery.. This
principle applies to much more than men looking at women. It applies to
just about anything we can covet with the eye or mind. (Commentary
Notes)
Jesus declared that
"the things that proceed out of the
mouth come from the heart,
and those defile (cause to become unclean, profane, polluted,
unholy, cf the man or woman God uses
2 Timothy 2:21)
the man. For out of the
heart
come evil thoughts, murders,
adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, slanders. These are the
things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands does
not defile the man." (Mt 15:18-20)
The things that defile the man
come from an unwashed heart, not from unwashed hands. The need is for
God to cleanse men’s hearts, not for men to wash their hands.
It is interesting that many of the
Jews considered the OT command not to commit adultery (Ex 20:14; Deut
5:18) not so much as a function of purity, as of theft or the
stealing of another man's wife. "I see her. I want her. I will steal
her."
Barton has a well worded
comment noting that...
“Private sins” have a fatal
attraction by appearing to be internal, hidden, secret. Jesus declared
lustful looks to be sin. God is not bound by our privacy—our thoughts
and emotions are as visible to him as our actions. From the divine
perspective, they are actions. This, in part, explains their sinfulness.
Lust also creates an offense before God by misusing one of his most
powerful gifts—the capacity to reflect. That part of us most able to
consider and appreciate our Creator, his Word, and his world, becomes
increasingly toxic as we use it to consider sin. Unlike an offending eye
or hand, a sinful mind cannot be removed. Don’t give in to lustful
desires. (Barton,
B. B., et al. Life Application Bible Commentary. Romans: Tyndale House
Publishers or
Logos)
Arthur Pink applies
our Lord's teaching to temptresses as well as "temptees"...
If lustful looking is so grievous a
sin, then those who dress and expose themselves with the desire to be
looked at and lusted after … are not less but perhaps more guilty. In
this matter it is not only too often the case that men sin but women
tempt them to do so. How great then must be the guilt of the great
majority of modern misses who deliberately seek to arouse the sexual
passions of young men. And how much greater still is the guilt of most
of their mothers for allowing them to become lascivious temptresses.
Heart (2588)
(kardia) does not refer to the physical organ in Scripture but is
always used figuratively to refer to the seat and center of human life,
the wellspring of man’s spiritual life. The heart is the center of the
personality, and it controls the intellect, emotions, and will. No
outward obedience is of the slightest value unless the heart turns to
God.
Guzik makes a good point...
Since Jesus
considers adultery in the heart a sin, we know what we think about and
allow our heart to rest on is based on choice. Many believe they have no
choice - and therefore no responsibility - for what they think about,
but this contradicts the clear teaching of Jesus here. We may not be
able to control passing thoughts or feelings, but we certainly do decide
where our heart and mind will rest. (Ibid)
Robertson says the heart is...
Not just
the centre of the blood circulation though it means that. Not just the
emotional part of man’s nature, but here the inner man including the
intellect, the affections, the will. This word is exceedingly common in
the New Testament and repays careful study always. It is from a root
that means to quiver or palpitate. Jesus locates adultery in the eye and
heart before the outward act. Wunsche (Beitrage) quotes two pertinent
rabbinical sayings as translated by Bruce:
“The eye and
the heart are the two brokers of sin.” (Job 31:7)
“Passions
lodge only in him who sees.”
Hence the
peril of lewd pictures and plays to the pure. (Robertson, A. Word
Pictures in the New Testament)
Kardia includes the thinking process
(thoughts) and particularly the will. Jesus asked a
group of scribes,
“Why are you thinking evil in
your
hearts?” (Matthew
9:4).
The heart
is the control center of mind and will as well as emotion. Jesus is
pinpointing the area we need to guard men...
Our Thought Life!
Vine writes
that kardia...
came to denote man’s entire mental
and moral activities, and to stand figuratively for the hidden springs
of the personal life, and so here signifies the seat of thought and
feeling. (Vine,
W. Collected writings of W. E. Vine. Nashville: Thomas Nelson
or
Logos)
The desire and the deed are not
identical, but, spiritually speaking, they are equivalent. Mark it down,
that a lustful look is the expression of a heart attitude that
says in essence, “I would if I could.”
Constable rightly teaches
that...
Fantasized immorality is just as
sinful to God as physical immorality. The fact that fornication that
takes place in the brain has fewer bad consequences than fornication
that takes place on a bed does not mitigate this truth. (Expository
Notes)
MacDonald writes that...
E. Stanley Jones caught the
import of this verse when he wrote
If you think or act
adultery, you do not satisfy the
sex urge; you pour oil on a fire to quench it.
Sin begins in the mind, and if
we nourish it, we eventually commit the act. (MacDonald,
W & Farstad, A. Believer's Bible Commentary: Thomas Nelson or
Logos)
Paul gives one of the
best antidotes instructing us to...
put on
(aorist
imperative - Do
this now! It even conveys a sense of urgency.) the Lord Jesus Christ,
and make
no provision (present
imperative
- with a negative says either
"Stop doing this" it forbids one from beginning to do this.) for
the flesh in regard to its lusts. (Romans
13:14)
Comment: Provision is pronoia
which literally is a thought beforehand. Most sinful behavior results
from wrong ideas and lustful desires we allow to linger in our minds (Ja
1:14, 15-note). Don't fill your mind with plans for your sin. Instead, fill
your mind with (Php 4:8-note)
thoughts, thoughts of Christ in Whom are hidden all the riches of wisdom
and knowledge (Col 2:3-
